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Alpha Vs Beta Testing: What’s the Difference?

Before we start alpha vs beta testing, We should know what is alpha testing and what is beta testing.

What is Alpha Testing?

Alpha testing is conducted to determine defects before releasing the final product to end users or to the public. Then the main goal of alpha is to identify the tasks that a typical user might perform and test them.

What is Beta Testing?

Beta testing is a type of software testing which is performed by real users of the software in a real environment. Beta testing is also one type of user acceptance testing. This testing helps the tester to test products in the customer’s environment.

Difference: Alpha Vs Beta Testing

The difference between alpha vs beta testing is as below:

Test Goals

Test Duration

Expectations

1) Null safe operator

From PHP 8 you can use Null Safe Operator

How we are doing null checking code in PHP < 8.0

 $country =  null;

 if ($session !== null) {
     $user = $session->user;

     if ($user !== null) {
         $address = $user->getAddress();

         if ($address !== null) {
             $country = $address->country;
         }
     }
 }

PHP 8 allows you to write this:

 $country = $session?->user?->getAddress()?->country;

2) Ternary condition

We have used this ternary condition for checking null value

 isset($user->image) ? $user->image : null

We can short above condition like this

 $user->image ?? null

3) Clone a model

You can clone a model using replicate(). It will create a copy of the model into a new, non-existing instance.

 $user = App\User::find(1);
 $newUser = $user->replicate();
 $newUser->save();

4) Default Relationship Models

Laravel provides a handy withDefault() method on the belongsTo relationship that will return a model object even when the relationship doesn't actually exist.

 class Post extends Model
 {
     public function user()
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class)->withDefault();
     }
 }

Now, if we try to access the $post->user relationship, we'll still get a User object even when it does exist in the database. This is known as the "null object" pattern and helps eliminate some of those if ($post->user) conditional statements.

For more information read Laravel withDefault() doc.

5) Save models and relationships

You can save a model and its corresponding relationships using the push() method.

 class User extends Model
 {
     public function phone()
     {
         return $this->hasOne('App\Phone');
     }
 }
 $user = User::first();
 $user->name = "Peter";
 $user->phone->number = '1234567890';
 $user->push(); // This will update both user and phone record in DB

Hope it will be helpful.

Thanks

When it comes to the human resources department, there are many different functions that need to be carried out in order to ensure the success of the organization. There are eight key areas that all HR departments should focus on in order to create a successful workforce.

1. Employee Screening

It is important to screen employees carefully before hiring them. This includes checking their references and performing background checks.

2. Recruiting

The process of finding and attracting qualified candidates to fill job openings within an organization is called recruiting. It is important to have a well-defined recruiting process in place in order to attract the best candidates possible.

3. Hiring

The process of formally inviting a candidate to become an employee is called hiring. It is important to have a clear and concise job description in order for candidates to understand what the job entails.

4. Orientation

New employees should be given a comprehensive orientation upon starting their new job. This includes introducing them to the company culture, explaining their duties and responsibilities, and providing training on how to do their job correctly.

5. Training

It is important for employees to be properly trained on the company's policies and procedures, as well as their specific job duties. This will help them to be more productive and effective on the job.

6. Performance Management

Performance management involves setting expectations for employee performance, communicating these expectations, and providing feedback on employee performance.

Performance management is a process that helps ensure that employees are meeting the expectations of their organization. The process begins by setting expectations for employee performance. These expectations can be based on job descriptions, organizational goals, or other standards. Once expectations are set, the next step is to communicate these expectations to employees. This can be done through job descriptions, performance goals, or other means.

The final step is providing feedback on employee performance. This feedback can be positive or negative and can be given formally or informally. The goal of performance management is to help employees meet the expectations of their organization.

7. Compensation and Benefits

The HR department is responsible for ensuring that employees are compensated fairly and receive appropriate benefits. This can help to attract and retain top talent.

8. Employee retention

The HR department should work to create a positive work environment that encourages employees to stay with the company long-term. This can include implementing retention strategies such as employee recognition programs and good benefits packages.

While logos are essential to the success of your company, creating one may be challenging. The perfect logo should describe who you are and what you do. It is the best investment a company could make to grow its customer base since it gives customers their first, and maybe best, impression of the firm. It is the first thing that clients will notice about the business and its brand. Here are some pointers to assist you in creating the ideal logo.

1. Maintain a Simple Design

The finest logos are simple, despite the fact that simplicity is sometimes linked with being dull. You should avoid overcomplicating your logo with fancy fonts or complex imagery since you want it to be instantly recognisable. So that it may be shown in all sizes and forms, keep your logo basic. You should be allowed to use your logo on stationary such as letterheads and envelopes, business cards and banners, and social media postings. Do not forget that some of the most recognisable brand logos are straightforward and simple enough to be recognised among rivals.

2. Suitable Color Palette

Colors have an attraction on people, but it's crucial to choose the proper palette. It takes a great deal of understanding of color theory and the color combinations that would go well with each other. Your choice of colour should express not just your thoughts but also a clear message. Potential clients may be drawn to or turned off by the hue of your logo design. Learn about various colours, their use, and how they affect your brand by conducting research.

Here are some colors you can include in your logo and what they represent:

• Black: Represents authority, mystery and sophistication.
• Red: Represents excitement, love and anger.
• Yellow: Represents happiness, warmth, innovation and caution.
• Blue: Represents professionalism, trust and loyalty.
• Green: Represents harmony, natural and healthy.
• Orange: Represents playful, artistic and energetic.
• White: Represents pure, peaceful and clean.

3. Out-of-the-box

Almost all great logos have an eye-catching symbol that separates them from competitors. Use your imagination and take as much inspiration as you want before creating the right logo and make sure the symbol you select is appropriate for your brand. A wonderful work of art is ruined by restrictions and limitations, while creating a logo designers need to be creative and conceive in ways that no one else could. Most well-known logos have really difficult and original looks that no one could have imagined.

4. High Quality Typography

Think on each element of the logo design, such as the typeface or font. Customers may learn a lot about your brand from the typeface you use. Depending on your choice of logo design, this section changes. For instance, if you are creating an icon symbol or brand mark logo, pick a typeface or logo during the preliminary design phases. Doing so helps you avoid having a weird combination or losing the complex work you will have invested in your logo.

5. Timelessness

By timeless, we mean that an excellent logo may last a very long time. Avoid using fashionable pictures, typefaces, and colour schemes in your logo if you want it to survive the test of time. By doing this, you can be sure that your logo keeps serving a function and working well even when trends change. Designers must be foresighted and innovative when establishing a logo since something that is striking today may lose its essence afterwards, and if this happens with the logo, the reputation of your organisation will suffer. If you look at long-standing businesses, you'll see that many of them have utilised the same logo for many years or even decades.

Upwork is a platform that connects freelancers and clients for a wide range of services including sales. If you're looking to increase your sales on Upwork, here are some tips that can help:

• Build a strong profile

• Improve your proposal

• Be Responsive and Professional

• Offer added value

• Use Upwork's tools and resources

Build a strong profile

Your Upwork profile is essentially your online resume. Make sure it accurately reflects your skills, experience, and qualifications. Use a clear, professional profile picture and highlight any relevant certifications or achievements.

Improve your proposal

When you apply for a job on Upwork, you will need to write a proposal explaining why you are the best candidate for the job. Read the job posting carefully and tailor your submission to the client's specific needs. Emphasize your relevant experience and skills and provide examples of your work.

Be Responsive and Professional

Once you've landed a job on Upwork, it's important to communicate effectively with your clients and meet deadlines. Respond to messages promptly and be respectful and professional in your interactions. This will help you build a positive reputation on the platform and increase your chances of getting repeat business or referrals.

Offer added value

In addition to getting the job done to the best of your ability, consider offering added value to your customers. This may be in the form of additional resources or advice or offering to complete additional tasks outside the scope of the original job. This can help you stand out from other freelancers and increase your chances of getting repeat business.

Use Upwork's tools and resources

Upwork offers a variety of tools and resources for freelancers, including the ability to track their time, create invoices, and manage their finances. Be sure to take advantage of these resources to streamline your work and make it easier for customers to do business with you.

Following these tips can increase your sales and build a successful freelance business on Upwork. Good luck!

Laravel HasOneTHough & Laravel HasManyThough Relationships

We generally know about the 4 basics Laravel Relations ships that laravel provides:

• HasOne
• HasMany
• BelongsTo
• BelongsToMany

Now we are going to see the major missing relationships that we are thinking are "Hard to use", but in real cases, it's needed while developing a project.

Even though I was thinking that HasOneThough and HasManyThough Relationships were will be hard to understand, I was wrong. it's really easy to understand.

Understanding HasOneThough

Let's say there is a Library that wants to know the book issuer's name directly, in this case, we generally do :

• Fetch Books
• Fetch its related issuer by using the HasOne Relation

What if I say I can directly access the issuer name into the Library model, yes we can achieve this by using the has one though.

Library
- id
- name

Book
- id
- name
- library_id

Issuer
- id
- name
- book_id

public function issuer() {
    return hasOneThough(App\Issuer, App\Book, library_id, book_id)
}

Understanding HasManyThough

Let's say in the same example that there are multiple issuers of the same books, we can achieve it as follow.

public function issuer() {
    return hasManyThough(App\Issuer, App\Book, library_id, book_id)
}

Hope it will be helpful.

Thanks

Overview

A Node.js library for use as Express middleware to secure endpoints with JWTs. The implementation uses a JWT endpoint of an Authorization Server to get the keys required for verification of the token signature. There is also an example Express app that shows how to use the library.

Package: https://www.npmjs.com/package/jsonwebtoken

Using the JSON web token, we can simply authenticate each and every request on our server. As a standard / best practice, we can use JWT (JSON web token) middleware to validate all requests.

JWT Middleware

  const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken')

  module.exports = (expectedRole) => (req, res, next) => {

  const authHeader = req.get('Authorization')
  if (!authHeader) {
    const error = new Error('Not authenticated.')
    error.statusCode = 401
    throw error
  }

  const token = authHeader.split(' ')[1]
  if (!token) {
    const error = new Error('Not authenticated.')
    error.statusCode = 401
    throw error
  }

  let decodedToken
  try {
    decodedToken = jwt.verify(token, process.env.SECRET_KEY)
  } catch (error) {
    error.statusCode = 401
    throw error
  }

  if (!decodedToken) {
    const error = new Error('Not authenticated.')
    error.statusCode = 401
    throw error
  }

  const role = decodedToken.role

  const authorised = expectedRole.includes(role)
  if (!authorised) {
    const error = new Error('Not authorised.')
    error.statusCode = 401
    throw error
  }

  req.user = decodedToken
  next()
}

This middleware has been prepared and exported. Therefore, we need to include it in our routes file and pass it to the expected role, so in our JWT middleware, we will validate the request with the JWT token, then verify that the user has access to an expected role (this role saved in the database) to this endpoint.

Routes File

 const express = require('express')
 const router = express.Router()

 const auth = require('./auth/index')
 const admin = require('./admin/index')
 const common = require('./common/index')
 const authorize = require('../middleware/jwtAuth')

 router.use('/auth', auth)
 router.use('/admin', authorize(['admin']), admin)
 router.use('/common', authorize(['admin', 'user']), common)

 module.exports = router 

Now that we have set up our authentication and authorization middleware in our routes, we are passing the required role to access these routes. These roles will be checked against our user role.

Our middleware simply next() the request if the user has a valid JWT token and is authorized to access this route, otherwise, it will throw the global error that is caught by the express global error handler.

Whether you're new to Figma or an expert user, you've probably realised that there are always more effective methods to go about your task. Speaking of effective work, here are several strategies you may or may not be aware of that might increase your productivity on Figma, or at the very least make navigating less stressful.

1. Math in Fields

Spend less time trying to manually resize items to get the right measurement. You may employ percentages like 100%. Math operations like plus (+), minus (-), multiplication (*), and division (/) are also possible.

2. Adjust Opacity Quickly

To easily adjust the opacity of shapes or other objects, all you have to do is click on it and choose the desired percentage, which saves you from having to repeatedly move the mouse. That is 10 for 10%, 25 for 25%, and so on.

3. Resizing Tips

The scale tool would be activated if you pressed K while choosing a frame or element. use of it? It gives you the option to resize the chosen content while keeping its proportions. When resizing, holding the alt or option buttons would make it larger from the center.

4. Collapse All Layers

In the past, I've been guilty of leaving groups after groups and elements after elements open in my Layers panel, which makes it more difficult to discover anything there. Use the convenient keyboard shortcut Alt + L to periodically collapse all Layers to keep your panel appearing nice and orderly and to maintain your attention on the current project.

5. Quicker Layers Navigation

Use the keyboard commands Enter and Tab to rapidly navigate between the Layers panel's items and locate what you're looking for. To navigate back up through your Layer groups and parent containers, hold Shift while using the keyboard keys I just mentioned.

6. Add Images in Bulk

This Figma shortcut gives you quick access to the Place Image tool, which makes it simple to add photographs to a Figma document. Press Ctrl + Shift + K, then select the required images and place them on canvas. You may import a photo straight onto the frame to keep it at its original size, or you can upload a photo inside a design form to scale it to match the shape. You may add a lot of photographs to your design at once.