In this article, We will see the difference between regression testing vs retesting.

The concepts of regression testing and retesting are generally confused within the field of test automation. They sound similar and they have correlations too.

The main difference is that regression testing is designed to test or verify for bugs you don’t expect to be there. Retesting is designed to test or verify for bugs you do expect to be there.

What is Regression Testing?

Regression testing is a type of software testing executed to check whether a code change has not critically disturbed the current functions & features of an application/software, what does it mean that the point of regression testing is to make sure that new updates or features added/release to software don’t break any previously released updates or features or functions.

What is Retesting?

Retesting is done to ensure that the bug is fixed and even if failed functionality is working fine or not, this is a kind of verification process followed in the testing field for the fixed bugs. Most of the testers having confused with Regression and Retesting.

Boost Customer Satisfaction, Find out Hidden Bugs In Your Software

Generally, testers find bugs while testing the software application or website and assign them to the developers to fix them. Then the developers fix the bug and assign it back to the testers/QA for verification. This continuous process is called Retesting.

Difference between Regression Testing and Retesting.

We could say that regression testing is a type of retesting. Retesting really means testing something again. And when we are regression testing, we are testing something that we have tested numerous times before.

But determining what the two have in common or similar might confuse more than it will help. So, for the well-being of clarity, below is an overview of the key differences.

Regression Testing Vs Retesting

Regression Testing	Retesting
Regression Testing is carried out to establish whether a recent program or code change has not negatively affected existing features.	Re-testing is carried out to establish the test cases that failed in the final execution are passing after the defects are fixed.
The purpose of Regression Testing is that new code fixes should not have any side effects on existing functionalities.	Re-testing is performed on the basis of the defect fixes.
Regression Testing can be carried out parallel with Re-testing, based on the project and availability of resources.	Retesting is carried out before regression testing because the priority of re-testing is higher than regression testing.
Defect verification is not part of regression testing.	Defect verification is part of re-testing.
Regression testing is known as genetic testing.	Re-testing is planned to test.
Regression testing is executed for passed test cases.	Retesting is executed for failed test cases only.
Regression testing checks for unexpected side effects.	Re-testing ensures that the original fault has been corrected.
Regression testing is only done when there are any modifications or fixes become mandatory in an existing project.	Re-testing executes a defect with the same data in the same environment with different inputs with a new build.
We can do automation for regression testing; Manual testing could be time-consuming and expensive.	We can’t automate the test cases for retesting.
Test cases for regression testing can be captured from the functional specification, user manuals and tutorials, and defect reports in regard to corrected problems.	Test cases for retesting cannot be captured before starting testing.

Conclusion:

In case you are still confused, it may be easier to think of retesting as checking to see whether the bug actually fixed and regression testing as whether you created any new bugs with your fix. While you may identify regression issues during a retest, they are in fact separate and should be treated as distinct forms of testing.

What is Mobile App Testing?

Mobile app testing is the process of tests the functionality and usability of the mobile application to make sure that it meets the requirements and the application is ready for launch.

What are Mobile application testing requirements?

• Resolutions of screen
• OS Version (For android or iOS)
• Orientation of Screen (landscape, portrait)
• GPS On/Off
• Type of application

Types of applications:

• Mobile Web application:

In a mobile web application, the Website opens on the device with the help of the mobile browser. The Mobile web app does not require any installation.

• Native application:

The native application is specifically developed for one platform (iOS, Windows 10 Mobile, Android)

• Hybrid Application:

A hybrid application is the combination of a mobile web application and a native application. It can be defined as a mobile website content show in the application format.

Step by step Mobile App Testing Process

1. Planning:

Before start testing, we are required to planning what we have to test and for planning the test to analyse the requirements.

2. Testing Types Identification:

Before testing any mobile apps, we identify what testing is required to test the particular mobile app: functional, usability, compatibility, performance or security, etc. And also determine what functional requirements should be tested.

Identify what target devices to include:

• Identify what devices the application will support;
• Identify the earliest version of relevant operating systems will be supported;
• Choosing different screen sizes.

3. Test Case and Script Design:

Make a test case document for each and every feature and functionality.

Make separate suites for manual test cases and automated test scripts as required. Make typical sets for manual test cases and automated test scripts. Define any reusable automation scripts and modify them as per the project requirements.

4. Environment Setup:

Download, install and configure the particular application on the different mobile devices to set up the testing environment. Before starting with the actual testing, make sure the test version of the application is established.

5. Manual and Automation Testing:

We are required to execute both manual and automation test cases.

You have already identified and created which tests and scripts to use. In this phase, you’ll actually run these on the basic functionalities to ensure that there are no bugs.

6. Usability Testing:

Usability testing purpose to uncover how much the product is easy to use, understandable, is it able to satisfy the user’s needs impressively. Usability testing is the way of how output can be used by users to reach specified goals.

7. UI Testing:

UI testing is one of the very important tests in mobile application testing.

Some characteristics that should be tested for every app:

1. Screen Resolutions:

Common screen resolutions are:

• 640 × 480
• 800 × 600
• 1024 × 768
• 1280 × 800
• 1366 × 768
• 1400 × 900
• 1680 × 1050

Verification must be done starting from the smallest to the biggest resolution. If the application has a large list of cards with information, then those also need to be tested on a different resolution for their information wrapping.

2. Screen Size:

There are too many variations in screen sizes in smart devices especially.

Make sure the control size looks good, and the control is properly visible on the screen while testing.

8. Compatibility Testing:

Test the application with different browsers, mobile devices, screen resolutions, and OS versions as per the requirements.

9. Beta Testing:

When the regression testing is completed by the QA team, the build moves to User Acceptance Testing and this is done by the client. They make sure the application is bug-free and working as expected on every defined browser.

10. Performance Testing:

Performance Testing to the application using changing the different connections from 2G, 3G to WIFI, responsiveness, battery consumption, stability, etc.

Test the application to measure scalability and performance issues.

11. Localization Testing:

Localization Testing is used to test making a product, application, or document content adjustable to meet the cultural, lingual, and other requirements of a specific region or a locale.

12. Security Testing:

In Security Testing, ensure that the application is secure by validating SQL injection, data dumps, session hijacking, packet sniffing, and SSL.

13. Device Testing:

When a device is tested to ensure that it is working as expected.

Execute test cases and scripts in all the devices, in the cloud, and/or in physical devices in the lab or via testing tools.

Tips to test mobile application

1. Learn the Whole app before going to the test.
2. Remember, you are testing a mobile app and not a desktop or web application.
3. Take into account the operating system and hardware specifications of the device which is you are testing.
4. Test on real devices for better testing results.
5. Use the mobile application testing tools that you are familiar with and do not use because of their popularity.
6. Use cloud mobile testing.
7. Mobile app testing with both portrait and landscape screen mode.
8. Use Emulators and simulators whenever required.
9. Verify the performance of the application.
10. Do not automate everything.
11. Get more accurate results using beta testing
12. Time management for various testing activities.

A test plan often lists the requirements, risks, test cases, testing environments, business and quality objectives, test timelines, and other things.

What is Test Plan?

The strategy, goals, timetable, estimation, deliverables, and resources needed to carry out testing on a software product are all described in detail in a test plan. The test plan aids in estimating the amount of work required to verify the application’s quality. The test manager carefully monitors and controls every aspect of the test plan to ensure that software testing activities are carried out according to a defined methodology.

Types of Test Plans

• Master Test Plan
• Phase Test Plan
• Testing Type-Specific Test Plans

Master Test Plan

A test plan with many tiers of testing is called a master test plan. It has an entire test plan.

Phase Test Plan

One sort of test plan that addresses each element of the testing technique is a phase test plan. For instance, a list of test cases, a list of tools, etc.

Specific Test Plan

A specific test plan for major testing types like security testing, load testing, and performance testing, among others that is, a particular non-functional testing-specific test plan.

What is the Importance of a Test Plan?

There are numerous advantages to creating a test plan document, including assisting customers, business managers, and developers outside the test team in comprehending the specifics of testing.

Our thinking is guided by the Test Plan. It is like a set of rules that must be followed.

The Test Plan contains important details like test estimation, test scope, and test strategy so that it can be reviewed by the Management Team and used again for other projects.

How to write a Test Plan?

For the management team, the critical task is to make a test plan. Below steps are as follows:

1. Analyse the product

Testing the product without any knowledge is next to impossible. One should learn about the product before testing it. You should look around the website and read the documentation for the product. You can learn how to use the website and all of its features by reading the product documentation. If you’re not sure about anything, you could talk to a customer, a developer, or a designer to learn more.

2. Develop a Test Strategy

In software testing, developing a Test Plan begins with developing a Test Strategy. A high-level document known as a Test Strategy is typically created by the Test Manager. This document explains:

The testing effort and costs are determined by the project’s testing objectives and methods. The below steps should be followed:

A. Define the Scope of Testing

Precise customer requirements, a project budget, product specifications, and the talents and skills of your test team are all necessary for determining the scope.

B. Identify the Testing Type

A typical test procedure with an anticipated outcome is referred to as a Testing Type.

Each type of testing is designed to find a particular kind of product bug. However, the objective of all testing types is the same: “Early detection of all defects before releasing the product to the customer.”

C. Document Risk & Issues

Risk is an uncertain future event that has a chance of happening and the potential to lose money. When the risk occurs, it becomes the “problem.”

D. Create Test Logistics

The Test Manager should respond to the following questions in Test Logistics:

• Who will examine it?

Although the tester’s precise names may not be known, the type of tester can be identified.

• When will the test take place?

Development activities must be matched to test activities.

3. Define the Test Objective

The overall objective and level of achievement of the test execution are the Test Objectives. The testing aims to uncover as many software flaws as possible; before releasing the software under test, make sure it doesn’t have any bugs.

The following two steps should be taken to define the test objectives:

• List all software features (that might need to be tested.

• Using the aforementioned characteristics, define the test’s objective or target.

4. Define Test Criteria

A standard or rule that a test procedure or test judgment can be based on is called Test Criteria. Two types of test criteria are:-

Suspension Criteria: Describe the essential suspension requirements for a test. The active test cycle will be suspended until the suspension criteria are resolved, if they are met during testing.

Exit Criteria: It defines the criteria for a test phase’s successful completion. Before moving on to the subsequent development phase, the exit criteria—the intended test results—are required. Example: All critical test cases must pass 95% of the time.

5. Resource Planning

A resource plan is a comprehensive list of all the resources necessary to complete a project task. The number of resources (employees, equipment, and materials) required to complete a project can be determined with the assistance of resource planning, which is an important part of the test planning process. As a result, the Test Manager can accurately estimate the project’s schedule and budget.

6. Plan Test Environment

A set of software and hardware on which the testing team will run test cases is called a testing environment. Real business and user environments, in addition to physical environments like servers and front-end running environments, make up the test environment.

7. Schedule & Estimation

A common term in project management is “making a schedule.” The Test Manager can use Test Planning as a tool for monitoring project progress and controlling cost overruns by creating a solid schedule.

Deadline for employee and project: The schedule is affected by working days, the project’s deadline, and the availability of resources.

Estimating the project: The Test Manager is aware of the project’s completion time based on the estimate So that he can make the right schedule for the project.

Project Threat: Because the Test Manager is aware of the risk, he or she can add sufficient additional time to the project schedule to address it.

8. Test Deliverables

A list of all the documents, tools, and other parts that need to be made and kept up to support the testing effort is called a Test Deliverable.

After the testing cycles have ended, test deliverables are provided.

Defect Report, Installation/Test Procedures Guidelines, Release Notes, and Test Reports.

Software testing is the most common way of executing a program determined to track down the blunder. Our software needs to be error-free in order to perform well. The software will be free of all errors if the testing is successful.

7 Principles of Software Testing

There are seven principles of software testing as below:

• Testing shows the presence of defects
• Exhaustive testing is not possible
• Early testing
• Defect clustering
• Pesticide paradox
• Testing is context-dependent
• Absence of errors fallacy
• Principles of Software Testing

1) Testing shows the presence of defects

The application will be tested by the test engineer to ensure that there are no bugs or defects. During testing, we can only determine whether the software or application contains any errors. The majority of testing should be able to be traced back to the customer’s requirements, which means finding any flaws that might prevent the product from meeting the customer’s needs. This is the primary goal of testing, which uses a variety of methods and testing techniques to count the number of unknown bugs.

We can reduce the number of bugs in any application by testing it. However, this does not guarantee that the application is free of defects; software may appear bug-free after multiple types of testing. However, if the end-user encounters bugs that were not discovered during the testing process, they will be fixed at the time of deployment on the production server.

2) Exhaustive Testing is not possible

During the actual testing process, it sometimes appears to be very difficult to test all the modules and their features with effective and ineffective combinations of the input data.

As a result, rather than carrying out extensive testing, which necessitates endless calculations and results in failure for the majority of the effort, Because the product timelines prevent us from carrying out such testing scenarios, we are able to complete these variations based on the importance of the modules.

On-demand software testing pricing

3) Early Testing

In this context, “early testing” refers to all testing activities that should begin in the “requirement analysis stage” of the software development life cycle in order to find defects. This is because if we find bugs early enough, they can be fixed right away, which may save us a lot of money over bugs that are found later in the testing process.

We will need the documents for the requirement specification in order to carry out testing; Therefore, rather than addressing the issue at a later stage, such as the development phase, if the requirements are incorrectly defined, they can be addressed immediately.

4) Defect clustering

During the testing process, we can identify the number of bugs that are correlated to a small number of modules using defect clustering. This is due to a number of factors, including the modules’ potential complexity; The coding might be hard, and so on.

The Pareto Principle, states that we are able to identify that approximately, will apply to these kinds of software or applications. Twenty percent of the modules contain eighty percent of the complications. We can find the uncertain modules with this, but if the same tests are running on a regular basis, this method can be difficult, and the same test won’t be able to find new defects.

5) Pesticide paradox

This principle stated that the software or application will not be able to detect new bugs if the same set of test cases is run repeatedly over a predetermined period of time. It is critical to frequently review all test cases in order to overcome these pesticide paradoxes. Additionally, new and distinct tests must be written for the implementation of multiple software or application components to aid in the discovery of additional bugs.

6) Testing is context-dependent

According to the context-dependent principle of testing, there are a variety of market sectors, including commercial websites, e-commerce websites, and so forth. Because each application has its own requirements, features, and functionality, there is a certain method for testing commercial and e-commerce websites. To check this sort of use, we will take the assistance of different sorts of testing, different procedure, approaches, and various strategies. As a result, the application’s context determines the testing.

Functional vs non-functional testing

7) Absence of errors fallacy

We can say that the application is 99 percent bug-free once it has been tested thoroughly and no bugs have been found before it is released. However, there is a possibility that if the application is tested alongside the incorrect requirements, flaws will be discovered, and they will need to be fixed within a certain time frame. This is because the testing is done on the incorrect specification, which does not correspond to the client’s requirements. According to the absence of error fallacy, if the application is impractical and unable to fulfil the requirements and needs of the client, then identifying and fixing bugs would not be helpful.

In today’s competitive world, testing is critical to the success of any software product. Manual tests are important in software development because they can be used in situations where automated testing isn’t possible. This Blog about Manual Testing Interview Questions will help you learn software testing.

With this thorough list of over 120 manual testing interview questions and answers, you’ll be ready for your software testing interviews. These manual testing interview questions are appropriate for both fresher and experienced candidates.

Let’s start by going through some of the most common Manual Testing Interview Questions.

16) What are the advantages of manual testing?

• Manual testing is cheaper as compared to automation testing.
• Point of view of an end-user, product analysis is possible only in manual testing.
• Using manual testing you can also be done GUI testing accurately because using automation difficult to test visual accessibility and preferences.
• Manual testing is used where the test script is not repeated and reused more times and mainly for short-term projects.
• Manual testing is best at an early stage of development.

17) What are the drawbacks of manual testing?

• Some types of testing are not possible to do manually like load testing, performance testing, etc.
• Sometimes testing is more time-consuming than manual testing like regression testing.
• Manual testing has a limited scope as compared to automation testing.
• For long-term projects, manual testing is very expensive.

18) What’s the role of documentation in Manual Testing?

Documentation plays an important role in achieving good software testing. In the documentation, we are including details like project requirements and specifications, designs, basic business rules, inspection reports, configurations, test planning, test cases, bug reporting, user manual, etc.

Using test cases documentation will easy to estimate the testing efforts that will need to spend with test tracking and tracing requirements. Some of the applied documentation associated with software testing are listed below:

• Test Plan
• Test Scenario
• Test Case
• Traceability Matrix

19)What makes a good test engineer?

A software test engineer is any professional who ensures that the product meets all the expectations and requirements. A software test engineer creates a process for testing a particular product.

• A good tester should easily understand the priority of the task and should have the ability to take the requirements of the customer.
• A good test engineer should have the ability to assert his ideas to maintain a cooperative relationship with developers Tester has the ability to communicate which he can report a bug for negative things positively with developers as well as with customers and management people also.
• Ability to take a risk whenever they need to make important decisions

20) What is the test harness?

A test harness is the cluster of software and test information. Into the test harness test a program unit by running it in a different environment like pressure, load, data-driven, and observing its behavior, reaction, and outcomes. Test Harness is mainly divided into two parts:

• A Test Execution Engine
• Test script repository

21) What is test closure?

Test closure is a document that has a summary of all test cases which is made during the software development life cycle. Test closure has also detail about the analysis and remove bugs and errors found. Test closure also contains a report of executed test cases, total no. of open bugs, total no. of rejected bugs.

22) Do you know, the difference between Positive and Negative Testing?

Positive Testing	Negative Testing
Positive testing ensures that the application working as an expected result, if not then the test is fails	Negative testing ensures that the application can handle the input or unwanted user behaviour.
In this testing, the tester tests the application with a valid set of data.	In this testing, tester test the application with an invalid set of data and check their creativity and validation against invalid data.

23) Define what is a critical bug.

A critical bug is a bug that is the impacts a major functionality of the given application. This means affecting a large area of the functionality or breaking any functionality and there is no other method to overcome this problem. The application cannot be delivered to the end-user unless the critical bug is fixed.

24) What is the pesticide paradox? How to overcome it?

Based on the pesticide paradox, if the same tests are carried out again and again then the outcome of these test cases are the same, so for the same test cases tester is not able to find new bugs. Developers will be extra careful in those parts where the tester found more bugs and might not look into the other areas.

Below describe Methods to prevent pesticide paradox are following:

• Write a whole new different set of test cases continually to exercise different parts of the software.
• On daily basis review the existing test cases and add new test cases to them.

Using these above methods, it is possible that we can find more bugs in the segment where bug numbers are dropped.

25) What is Defect Cascading in Software Testing?

Defect Cascading is the action of triggering other defects in the application. During testing, while defects go unnoticed then other defects are invoked. As an outcome, a greater number of defects crop up in the later stage of development. If defect cascading continues then impact on other components of the application and determining the affected component becomes more difficult. You can make different test cases for resolving this issue but it is very difficult and time-consuming.

26) What is the term ‘quality’ mean when testing?

Quality software is defect-free, delivered on time and within budget, meets conditions and expectations, and is maintainable. Still ‘Quality’ is a personal term. Quality will depend on who the ‘customer’ is and their overall influence in the scheme of things. The accounting department might define quality in terms of earnings while an end-user might describe quality as user-supportive and defect-free.

27) What is black box testing, and what are the various techniques?

Black Box testing also known as specification-based testing, analyses the functionality of the software without knowing about the internal structure of the application. The goal of this testing is to check the whole workflow of the system is works correctly and meets user demands. Various black box testing techniques are listed below:

• Equivalence Partitioning
• Boundary Value Analysis
• Decision Table Based Technique
• Cause-effect Graphing
• Use Case Testing

28) What is white box testing, and what are the various techniques?

White-box testing is also known as structure-based testing, for white box testing requires knowledge of the internal structure of the application. The purpose of this testing is to improve design and usability, check the flow of input/outputs, enhance security. Below are the various kind of white box testing techniques:

• Statement Coverage
• Decision Coverage
• Condition Coverage
• Multiple Condition Coverage

29) What are the Experience-based testing techniques?

Experienced-based testing is all about finding, research, and learning. The tester continuously studies and analyses the product and accordingly applies his skills, trick, and experience to develop test strategies and test cases to perform necessary testing. Various experience-based testing techniques are:

• Exploratory testing
• Error Guessing

30) What is a top-down and bottom-up approach to testing?

Top-Down – Testing occurs from top to bottom. This is, high-level modules are tested first and after that low-level modules. Lastly, the low-level modules are integrated into a high-level state to guarantee the framework is working as it is expected to.

Bottom-Up – Testing occurs from base levels to high-up levels. The lowest level modules are tested first and thereafter high-level state modules. Lastly, the high-level state modules are corresponded to a low level to guarantee the framework is filling in as it has been proposed to.

In today’s competitive world, testing is critical to the success of any software product. Manual tests are important in software development because they can be used in situations where automated testing isn’t possible. This Blog about Manual Testing Interview Questions will help you learn software testing.

With this thorough list of over 120 manual testing interview questions and answers, you’ll be ready for your software testing interviews. These manual testing interview questions are appropriate for both fresher and experienced candidates.

Let’s start by going through some of the most common Manual Testing Interview Questions.

120+ Manual Testing Interview Questions:

Below are the 120+ manual testing interview questions and answers:

1) What is Software Testing?

Software testing is a process to test whether the actual product is matched with an expected requirement or not and if getting an issue then it could be resolved before the released product to the market and at last ensure that product is bug-free.

2) What is manual testing?

Manual testing is a type of testing that involves the validation of the requirements of the application by executing a predefined set of test cases manually without the use of any automation tool.

3) Why is Software Testing Required?

Software testing is a process that verifies the product is secure and good enough to be released to the market. The reason for software testing is to find defects, errors, and unmatched or missing requirements compared to the actual requirement.

• It points out the bug and error which is made during the development.
• If identify issues at the starting stage of development, then we can reduce the coding cycles.
• Ensure that product is defect-free, and the product meets the market standard.
• Make sure that the application doesn’t result in any failures.

4) What are the two main categories of software testing?

Software testing is a vast domain, but it can be categorized into two types, such as:

• Manual Testing– Manual testing is the oldest type of software testing where the tester executes all test cases without using any tools, mean-tested whole application manually by QA testers.
• Automation Testing– Automation Testing is the process of executing repeating predefined test cases using an automation testing tool. The main focus of automation testing is replacing manual activity with automated test cases

5) Do you know the difference between quality control and quality assurance?

Quality Control	Quality Assurance
Quality Control is a product-based approach of running a program to define if the application has any defect, as well as make sure software fulfils all the requirements.	Quality assurance is a process-oriented approach that focuses on making sure that the methods, techniques used to make quality deliverables are applied correctly.
QA means planning for doing any testing process.	QC means doing action for executing the planned process.
QA does not involve executing the test cases.	QC is always involved in executing the test cases.
QA is the technique of handling the quality of the application.	QC is a method to verify the quality of software

6) What is quality control? Is it similar to Quality Assurance?

Quality control is a product-based strategy of running a program to define if it has any defect, as well as create sure software fulfils all requirements with end-user.

So, Quality control is not similar to Quality assurance, Quality assurance is a process-oriented approach. It is focused only on process, methods, and techniques which is used to create quality deliverables that are applied correctly.

7) What different types of manual testing are there?

Manual testing is divided into different types, which are listed below:

• Acceptance Testing
• System Testing
• Black Box Testing
• White Box Testing
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing

8) Explain the difference between alpha testing and beta testing.

Alpha and beta both testing types are types of user acceptance testing. Find the brief description of alpha vs beta testing here.

• Alpha Testing – Alpha testing is a process that is performed before realizing the product to identify a bug.
• Beta Testing – Beta testing is a process that is performed by the end-user after realizing the product.

9) What are the different levels of manual testing?

We have different 4 levels of manual testing, which is described below:

• Unit testing – Unit testing is testing where we test separate units or the smallest pieces of source code. The goal of unit testing is to separate all parts and show that all parts are worked without any defect.
• Integration Testing – It is a type of testing where individual units are combined and tested there is no bug after integrating the separate units.
• System Testing – System testing is defined as the testing of the whole integrated product. System testing is black-box testing, and it is performed in the form of a functional requirement specification.
• User Acceptance Testing – User acceptance testing is a final level of testing, UAT is performed by the end-user or client. In UAT testing verify that software or product is ready to be released or not into the real world.

10) What is a test in manual testing?

The tested environment is used for application testing; we can test hardware as well as software programs also. The test consists of hardware, network configuration, software, and other related software.

11) Explain the procedure for manual testing.

In The manual testing process, follow the below steps:

• Project Planning and Control
• Project Design
• Test case Execution
• Evaluating exit criteria and Reporting
• Test Closure activities

12) What is the test case?

One type of document that has a set of conditions that is performed on the particular application in order to verify the expected result of the feature is called a test case.

Test case documents include test steps, preconditions, postconditions, test data, and verification requirements.

13) What is API testing?

Perform software testing API directly from their functionality, reliability, security, and performance in API testing.

The application has three separate layers:

• First is the Presentation Layer or user interface.
• The second layer is Business Layer or application user interface for business logic processing.
• The third and last layer is Database Layer for

14) Do you know the difference between verification and validation in testing?

Verification testing is done without executing the code. Verification is a static technique. Verification is coming before validation. Verification is the process where to verify the quality of the product. Verification is to reduce the chances of failure in the product.

Validation testing is including the execution of the code. Validation is dynamic testing. Validation comes after Verification. Validation is the process in which the actual requirements of the customer match with the software functionality. Validation is done after completing the development process.

15) Do you know the difference between a bug and a defect?

The tester finds fault in the software during testing it is called a bug and when a product goes to live that time developer detects the difference between the actual result and the expected result is called a defect.

Alpha Vs Beta Testing: What’s the Difference?

Before we start alpha vs beta testing, We should know what is alpha testing and what is beta testing.

What is Alpha Testing?

Alpha testing is conducted to determine defects before releasing the final product to end users or to the public. Then the main goal of alpha is to identify the tasks that a typical user might perform and test them.

What is Beta Testing?

Beta testing is a type of software testing which is performed by real users of the software in a real environment. Beta testing is also one type of user acceptance testing. This testing helps the tester to test products in the customer’s environment.

Difference: Alpha Vs Beta Testing

The difference between alpha vs beta testing is as below:

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
Alpha testing needs a testing atmosphere or a lab for testing.	Beta testing doesn’t need a testing atmosphere or lab for testing.
Alpha testing may need a lengthy execution cycle.	Beta testing needs only a few weeks of execution.
In alpha testing, developers can directly address critical bugs or fixes.	Most of the bugs or feedback collected from the beta testing will be executed in future versions of the product.

Test Goals

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
The goal of alpha testing is to estimate the quality of the product.	The goal of beta testing is to estimate customer satisfaction.
To confirm Beta eagerness	To confirm release eagerness
Concentrate on finding defects or errors	Concentrate on gathering recommendations/feedback and consider them effectively
Confirm that, does the product works properly without any bugs.	Confirm that, do clients like the released product.

Test Duration

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
Multiple test cycles performed	Only performed 1 or 2 test cycles
Separately each test cycle stays for 1 – 2 weeks	Separately each test cycle stays for 4 – 6 weeks
The duration of the cycle also depends on how many bugs are found and how many new features are added during alpha testing.	The duration of the cycle may expand based on the end user’s feedback/recommendation.

Expectations

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
An acceptable number of bugs were missed in earlier testing activities.	Major finished product with very a much smaller number of defects and crashes.
Incomplete components and documentation.	Almost finished components and documentation.

The Basic Concept of Sanity Testing

When time is brief, Sanity testing are often a far better option than not testing in the least. it's performed to check the modules so their impact are often determined, but without going in-depth. it's useful when deadlines are strict and there's not enough time available to thoroughly test the appliance.

In an Agile environment, big releases are planned systematically and delivered to the client, whereas sometimes, because the situation demands, small releases got to be delivered where there's no overtime available for the testing, leaving no time for documentation of the test cases, bug reporting or Regression Testing.

Items to think about in Sanity Testing

Sanity Testing is performed when time is just too short to check the build thoroughly, and it’s impossible to execute all the test cases. this example risky, and therefore the possible implications are tremendous. To minimise mistakes and oversights, a tester should lookout of a couple of things at their end.

It is advisable to not accept the build where there are not any written requirements available. Sometimes the client conveys changes and/or requirements verbally and expects us to regulate accordingly. Compel the client to supply some written points on acceptance criteria.

Sanity testing is completed when there's not enough time to check the appliance thoroughly, leaving you unable to document bugs and test cases. this is often a but ideal situation so make certain to form your own notes. Document your bugs roughly on your notepad and if there's a while left, share those together with your team for future reference. Throw the ball into the courts of others. Email the list of issues to each stakeholder.

Automation testing can help reduce the pressure of manual efforts.Finally, draft an email containing the most details that you simply have tested, also as what you probably did not test. Give justification and reasons for the bugs that are resolved and people which haven't been.

Advantages of Sanity Testing

Sanity testing focuses on a couple of major areas of functionality which may help in identifying core functionality issues, ultimately saving time Sanity testing is typically non-documented During sanity testing, we are ready to identify missing and dependent functionalities.

Disadvantages of Sanity Testing

The primary focus of the sanity test is to see that the functions of the appliance work needless to say During times when deadlines are tight, organizations like better to perform sanity testing (bypassing regression testing) which leaves a number of the functionalities unattended. this will mean issues continue the assembly environment leaving a nasty impact on the companies. As said, it's non-documented so no official reference is out there.

Conclusion

In the end, the sort of testing you select that situation depends on the intuition of testers. Devise a technique to realize your end-goal. Define how you'll proceed and what you aim to realize with the short time span.