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In today’s competitive world, testing is critical to the success of any software product. Manual tests are important in software development because they can be used in situations where automated testing isn’t possible. This Blog about Manual Testing Interview Questions will help you learn software testing.

With this thorough list of over 120 manual testing interview questions and answers, you’ll be ready for your software testing interviews. These manual testing interview questions are appropriate for both fresher and experienced candidates.

Let’s start by going through some of the most common Manual Testing Interview Questions.

120+ Manual Testing Interview Questions:

Below are the 120+ manual testing interview questions and answers:

1) What is Software Testing?

Software testing is a process to test whether the actual product is matched with an expected requirement or not and if getting an issue then it could be resolved before the released product to the market and at last ensure that product is bug-free.

2) What is manual testing?

Manual testing is a type of testing that involves the validation of the requirements of the application by executing a predefined set of test cases manually without the use of any automation tool.

3) Why is Software Testing Required?

Software testing is a process that verifies the product is secure and good enough to be released to the market. The reason for software testing is to find defects, errors, and unmatched or missing requirements compared to the actual requirement.

• It points out the bug and error which is made during the development.
• If identify issues at the starting stage of development, then we can reduce the coding cycles.
• Ensure that product is defect-free, and the product meets the market standard.
• Make sure that the application doesn’t result in any failures.

4) What are the two main categories of software testing?

Software testing is a vast domain, but it can be categorized into two types, such as:

• Manual Testing– Manual testing is the oldest type of software testing where the tester executes all test cases without using any tools, mean-tested whole application manually by QA testers.
• Automation Testing– Automation Testing is the process of executing repeating predefined test cases using an automation testing tool. The main focus of automation testing is replacing manual activity with automated test cases

5) Do you know the difference between quality control and quality assurance?

Quality Control	Quality Assurance
Quality Control is a product-based approach of running a program to define if the application has any defect, as well as make sure software fulfils all the requirements.	Quality assurance is a process-oriented approach that focuses on making sure that the methods, techniques used to make quality deliverables are applied correctly.
QA means planning for doing any testing process.	QC means doing action for executing the planned process.
QA does not involve executing the test cases.	QC is always involved in executing the test cases.
QA is the technique of handling the quality of the application.	QC is a method to verify the quality of software

6) What is quality control? Is it similar to Quality Assurance?

Quality control is a product-based strategy of running a program to define if it has any defect, as well as create sure software fulfils all requirements with end-user.

So, Quality control is not similar to Quality assurance, Quality assurance is a process-oriented approach. It is focused only on process, methods, and techniques which is used to create quality deliverables that are applied correctly.

7) What different types of manual testing are there?

Manual testing is divided into different types, which are listed below:

• Acceptance Testing
• System Testing
• Black Box Testing
• White Box Testing
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing

8) Explain the difference between alpha testing and beta testing.

Alpha and beta both testing types are types of user acceptance testing. Find the brief description of alpha vs beta testing here.

• Alpha Testing – Alpha testing is a process that is performed before realizing the product to identify a bug.
• Beta Testing – Beta testing is a process that is performed by the end-user after realizing the product.

9) What are the different levels of manual testing?

We have different 4 levels of manual testing, which is described below:

• Unit testing – Unit testing is testing where we test separate units or the smallest pieces of source code. The goal of unit testing is to separate all parts and show that all parts are worked without any defect.
• Integration Testing – It is a type of testing where individual units are combined and tested there is no bug after integrating the separate units.
• System Testing – System testing is defined as the testing of the whole integrated product. System testing is black-box testing, and it is performed in the form of a functional requirement specification.
• User Acceptance Testing – User acceptance testing is a final level of testing, UAT is performed by the end-user or client. In UAT testing verify that software or product is ready to be released or not into the real world.

10) What is a test in manual testing?

The tested environment is used for application testing; we can test hardware as well as software programs also. The test consists of hardware, network configuration, software, and other related software.

11) Explain the procedure for manual testing.

In The manual testing process, follow the below steps:

• Project Planning and Control
• Project Design
• Test case Execution
• Evaluating exit criteria and Reporting
• Test Closure activities

12) What is the test case?

One type of document that has a set of conditions that is performed on the particular application in order to verify the expected result of the feature is called a test case.

Test case documents include test steps, preconditions, postconditions, test data, and verification requirements.

13) What is API testing?

Perform software testing API directly from their functionality, reliability, security, and performance in API testing.

The application has three separate layers:

• First is the Presentation Layer or user interface.
• The second layer is Business Layer or application user interface for business logic processing.
• The third and last layer is Database Layer for

14) Do you know the difference between verification and validation in testing?

Verification testing is done without executing the code. Verification is a static technique. Verification is coming before validation. Verification is the process where to verify the quality of the product. Verification is to reduce the chances of failure in the product.

Validation testing is including the execution of the code. Validation is dynamic testing. Validation comes after Verification. Validation is the process in which the actual requirements of the customer match with the software functionality. Validation is done after completing the development process.

15) Do you know the difference between a bug and a defect?

The tester finds fault in the software during testing it is called a bug and when a product goes to live that time developer detects the difference between the actual result and the expected result is called a defect.

Alpha Vs Beta Testing: What’s the Difference?

Before we start alpha vs beta testing, We should know what is alpha testing and what is beta testing.

What is Alpha Testing?

Alpha testing is conducted to determine defects before releasing the final product to end users or to the public. Then the main goal of alpha is to identify the tasks that a typical user might perform and test them.

What is Beta Testing?

Beta testing is a type of software testing which is performed by real users of the software in a real environment. Beta testing is also one type of user acceptance testing. This testing helps the tester to test products in the customer’s environment.

Difference: Alpha Vs Beta Testing

The difference between alpha vs beta testing is as below:

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
Alpha testing needs a testing atmosphere or a lab for testing.	Beta testing doesn’t need a testing atmosphere or lab for testing.
Alpha testing may need a lengthy execution cycle.	Beta testing needs only a few weeks of execution.
In alpha testing, developers can directly address critical bugs or fixes.	Most of the bugs or feedback collected from the beta testing will be executed in future versions of the product.

Test Goals

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
The goal of alpha testing is to estimate the quality of the product.	The goal of beta testing is to estimate customer satisfaction.
To confirm Beta eagerness	To confirm release eagerness
Concentrate on finding defects or errors	Concentrate on gathering recommendations/feedback and consider them effectively
Confirm that, does the product works properly without any bugs.	Confirm that, do clients like the released product.

Test Duration

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
Multiple test cycles performed	Only performed 1 or 2 test cycles
Separately each test cycle stays for 1 – 2 weeks	Separately each test cycle stays for 4 – 6 weeks
The duration of the cycle also depends on how many bugs are found and how many new features are added during alpha testing.	The duration of the cycle may expand based on the end user’s feedback/recommendation.

Expectations

Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
An acceptable number of bugs were missed in earlier testing activities.	Major finished product with very a much smaller number of defects and crashes.
Incomplete components and documentation.	Almost finished components and documentation.

Testers infrequently suppose about the difference between average and high quality tests. However, also it's frequently inconspicuous, If the test case is good. It indeed simply dissolves in the process of software verification. Testers flash back it only when they find a bug in a system. The following is an analysis showing that your test is of high quality and dependable.Tests Are Suitable for robotisation Occasionally, you can see tests that aren't completely automated. The most popular reason is that commodity is veritably complicated or nearly insolvable.

Test is performed regularly

The test doesn't crash unless the software has changed. Such a rule applies to the basics of original data generation. For illustration, we test the enrolment process for a new stoner. No doubt, if the system doesn’t induce the original dispatch, such a test most probably won’t serve on product.

Test ends with confirmation

It’s true, except in situations where one should clear the information and perform some other processes. Completion by confirmation is the stylish for any test case performing. similar allows you to make sure that the performed action actually passed rightly.

Test is stable and can be habituated in CI/ CD

still, they aren't stable enough to be used with CI/ CD, If your test suites regularly fail. Because every other product company is trying to reach CI and CD, occasionally similar tests aren't only ineffective but indeed dangerous. That’s because they take a lot of time and aren't suitable for automatic use in CI anyway.

Test requires minimum support

Tests aren't created independently. Most frequently, it's the work of a group of people who also have to support them in the future. Any member of the design should understand the test structure snappily and fluently enough. They don’t have to put in too important time and trouble. Indeed if tests are created by one person, occasionally, it can be extremely delicate to understand what this test is responsible for if it isn't created specifically to make tests easier to understand.

Tests Function in resemblant and nothing crashes sooner or latterly, test runs will take a veritably long time. In turn, this leads to slow programming speed and causes the so called “untested patch” effect.

It's worth allowing about resemblant testing so that the checking process would run smoothly. However, it automatically makes resemblant prosecution an easy task of structure debugging rather than a thing of rewriting test cases by all actors of the cargo testing company, If the tests are actuated in resemblant and they do n’t connect.

What Is ERP Testing?

Before going into ERP testing, we've to know about the ERP. ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning.ERP Testing is critical since each business can customise its workflow depending on the needs of their organisation. When doing ERP testing, the tester has got to understand the business workflows, data flows, and ERP modules. Then only he/she are going to be ready to test and ensure the system implementation is suiting their organisation.

How To Do ERP Testing?

ERP Testing mainly focuses generally on functional testing and performance testing. The next preference is given for the mixing between the modules and therefore the data flows. ERP testing are often done either manually or automatically. ERP testing are often wiped out the below phases:

Identify the business processes and define the scope of testing.

Setting up a test system. Prepare Test Plan. Prepare the test suites. Create test data sets. Write test cases.(manual/automated) Test Execution. Prepare Test Reports.

Different Types Of ERP Testing

Functional Testing: Functional testing will cover the aspects of compatibility, localisation, integration with other systems, etc. The testing are often done either manually or by automation. This is the primary testing type got to be conducted since the functional workflow should work flawlessly. After functional testing completed, the opposite sorts of testing got to be performed. The testing are often done by manual or automated testing.

Integration Testing: Integration testing usually conducted when an application is interacting with multiple components. The components need to be tested individually. After the completion of the testing of the modules, it must be tested with all components as an entire workflow. Then only the system should work sort of a single unit at the top after integration seamlessly.

Performance Testing: Performance testing usually conducted to make sure what percentage users can access the system at an equivalent time and what's the reaction time during that. The user volume and therefore the concurrent usage are going to be more after the implementation of ERP systems. It is critical to try to to the performance testing of the ERP system since it's to interact with multiple applications.

Security Testing: Security testing is conducted to make sure that the system follows the quality security policies and rules. It helps to spot risks, threats, and vulnerabilities of the system. After identifying the vulnerabilities, those should be fixed and tested before the implementation of the ERP system.

User Acceptance Technique is widely used for its efficiency and effectiveness.If we followed all steps of User Acceptance correctly then it will increase the satisfaction of a Customer.

UAT is a process of verifying that a Software or a System works appropriately as per the User Requirement.The main purpose of this testing is to ensure that a software system is all set to be in front of users in a real world.This testing phase also known as Beta and End-user testing and is mostly considered during the web development process to ensure that software is ready for the final installation for the Client site.

Types of User Acceptance Testing

1. Alpha & Beta Testing: Alpha testing is done by the staff members only on an internal whereas beta testing includes the Customer's environment with the help of some customer who will going to use our System or Software.
2. Black Box Testing: This type of functional testing includes all functionalities of the System without knowing the internal code structure.
3. Contract Acceptance Testing: In Contract type testing, software is tested against some criteria which are already predefined in a proper contract.
4. Operational Acceptance Testing: This type of Acceptance testing ensure that all the workflow used in system are working properly.
5. Regulation Acceptance Testing: Compliance Acceptance Testing helps in investigate the software fulfils all the guidelines of legal and governmental process.

Criteria Before Perform User Acceptance Testing

1. Entire application code should be up to date.
2. Integration testing, unit testing and System testing must be completed before we perform User Acceptance Testing.
3. There should not be any high/medium faults in the Integration phase of Testing.
4. There must be no major defect in the Regression Testing.
5. All the error/defects must get solved which we face during the testing and then testing should be done again to verify the error got fixed or not.

Involvement of Users in User Acceptance Testing:

The group is most essential for the UAT must include real end users that will going to perform a test on your system.The stakeholder and other group must incorporated that means an individual of every group is involved in the development phase must be in the team.

Start User Acceptance Testing:

After the explanation of UAT as above, you must get clear about what and why UAT must include in the software development phase. Mainly there are total of four steps that must be considered but it will depend on the number of user that will take advantage of software. The main criteria that must be followed in the software are the ‘working’ requirement of the assembled application. You can easily get a hang of it from the stories of users or system requirements. The second step is to create some test cases for UAT. User Acceptance Testcases are the test steps sets, expected results and execution conditions must be developed for some specific purpose.

Conclusion

These are some main points of the User Acceptance Testing that is used in the development cycle. The projects are reduced to the like of any errors that are elevated and it will reduce the total work required in the maintenance or development phase. On above all of that , you will get a happy and satisfied user that will give you more revenue.

What is Use Case Testing and How to Prepare a Test Case for Testing?

In the phases and life cycle of software development, use case plays an important role. The entire process depends on the actions of the user and the response by the system to the actions. Hence it can be seen as documentation of the actions which is performed by the user or actor and then the corresponding interaction by the system to those actions. Not all the use cases result in achieving the goal by a user to the interactions with the system.

In a use case, the system responds to the situation or behavior. It is user-oriented rather than system-oriented. That is, they are actions that are done by the actor/user and not the output produced by the system. Hence the development team writes the ‘use cases’ as this phase depends on them. The writer of use cases, a team of development, customers, all of them together contribute towards the creation of use cases and testing.

What is Use Case Document?

Use case documentation helps to complete an overview of all the several ways in which the user interacts with the system to achieve the desired objective. The documentation will help to check the requirements for the software system and what is lacking in this process.

Who will use the Use Case Document?

As the documentation helps to get an overview of ways in which users can interact with the system, better documentation is always required for easier results. This documentation will be useful to the software developers and software testers along with the stakeholders.

There are several types of uses for these documents. It helps developers to implement the code and design the same. Further, testers use them to create test cases. Business stakeholders, on other hand, use the documentation in order to understand how the software works and their respective requirements.

Elements in Use Case Testing

The major elements of the use cases are brief introductions which help to explain the case.

1. Actor, that is, the users which are involved in use case actions.
2. Precondition, which is the conditions that need to be satisfied before the case begins.
3. Basic Flow, or the main scenario which is a normal workflow in the system. In other words, this is a flow of transactions done by actors to accomplish their goals.
4. Alternate flow, which is a less common interaction done by an actor with a system
5. Exception flow, which prevents a user from achieving the goal
6. Postconditions that are required to be checked after the case is finished.

How to Prepare Test cases?

It is best if the test cases for the main scenario are written first and then written second for alternate steps. These steps in test cases are from use case documents. Cases are supposed to be required as steps and the user or actor must be able to enter the same. Test design techniques can be used and developed to help reduce the number of test cases which can help reduce the time taken for testing.

Writing test cases and testing is an iterative process. Practice and knowledge of domain and system are required in this case. Using case testing in applications can be used to find missing links and incomplete requirements. Finding and modifying the same will bring efficiency and accuracy into the system domain.